Predynastic Art - 3,500 - 2575 B.C.E, Upper and Lower Egypt, Prior to the unification of upper and lower Egypt
Palette of King Narmer - from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, ca.3000 - 2920 B.C.E, slate, 25 in. high, circular depression on one side, held eye makeup, black lines under eye reduce the glare of the sun, represents the end of the predynastic period and unification of Egypt, King Narmer is shown cutting the enemies head, the falcon who is Horus is the king’s protector, papyrus plant represents lower Egypt, the king is literally standing over fallen enemies, not a funerary work, long intertwined feline figures, rows of stacked enemies
Tomb of Perneb (mastaba) - from Saqqara, Egypt, ca.2,350 - 2,323 B.C.E., limestone, 16 ft. high, Arabic for bench, rectangular structure over an underground burial chamber, has a chapel with a false door, the false door allows the spirit to escape, serdab is a small room for housing a statue of the dead
Imhotep - Pyramid and Mortuary of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2,630 - 2,611 B.C.E., limestone, the first structure where the architect is known, King Djoser was buried there, designed by chancellor Imhotep, after he died Imhotep id considered a god, Saqqara is the city of the dead, 200 ft tall, tomb, not a temple, engage columns look like papyrus, ka statue represents the spirit of the king
Old Kingdom Art - 2,575 - 2,314 B.C.E., Lower Egypt, 4th Dynasty establish by King Snefru, Pyramids
Great Pyramids - Gizeh, Egypt, Pyramid of Menkaure, ca. 3,000 - 2,920 B.C.E., Khafre, 2,530 - 2492 B.C.E., Khufu ca. 2551 - 2528 B.C.E., limestone, largest (Khufu) 450 ft. high, the influence of the cult of Ra, all face east, the face is where the entrance is, many historians assumer they are funerary, but there have been no found mummified bodies inside, the upper chamber is King and Queen’s chamber, funerary temples located outside of pyramids, made of stone by copper chisels along with mallets and wedges, dug tunnels to find stones, and with the stone dressed it, rocks moved on sleds and various ramps and pulleys were used to transport stones, oldest is Menkaure which is the smallest pyramid
Seated Scribe - Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2,620 - 2,500 B.C.E., painted limestone, non-feral work, realistic, not idealized, soft body, the man led a comfortable life, writing hieroglyphics on papyrus scrolls, relatively frontal, painted red color while women are painted white
Great Sphinx - Gizeh, Egypt, ca. 2,520 - 2,494 B.C.E., sandstone, largest statues in Ancient Egypt, built from rock spur, represent
Khafre - from Gizeh, Egypt, ca. 2,520 - 2,494 B.C.E., diorite, associated with sphinx, one of the hardest stones to carve, side of the throne has a lotus blossom and papyrus, the lotus is a symbol of upper Egypt while papyrus is a symbol of lower Egypt, hieroglyphics underneath the leg, bad of Khafre’s head is Horus with his wings spread over, protecting the king, wearing a kilt and a Nemes headdress along with a false beard and a cobra on top of his head which is a sign of kinship, idealized work, flawless body, perfect face, divine nature of the Pharoah, not what Kofre actually looked like, meant to last an eternity, made with the subtractive method, which is when you have a large stone block and you cut it multiple times, made with abrasion, where you rub it numerous times, arms are attached, while legs are attacked to the throne
Menkaure and a Queen - from Gizeh, Egypt, ca.2,490 - 2,473 B.C.E., graywacke, double-portrait, high-relief, attached to stone with remaining background, Veronic portrait, left foot forward for Menkaure, but Queen’s foot is also forward but little forward, strong body, queen hand around King showing marriage, clothes portrayed as sheer for Queen
Ti watching hippopotamus hunt - from Saqqara, Egypt, ca. 2,450 - 2,350 B.C.e., painted limestone, 48 in. high, relief, Ti was a member of the Pharoah’s court, hierarchical scale, Ti is large, on boats are people hunting hippos, water is stylized, hippos are with fish in the water, Ti is watching from a distance, left foot stepping forward, composite perspective, frontal view of body and eye, and profile of face and legs, people doing hunting are less formalized and not stylized, more naturalistic bodies, top portion has plants and lemurs that are in the branches of the trees, lack of interaction between figures
Goats treading Sees and Cattle Fording a Canal - Saqqara, Egypt, Mastaba of Ti, ca. 2450 - 2350 B.C.E., painted limestone, as the animals are floating and treading on the water, its symbolic of the after-life
Middle Kingdom Art - 2040 - 1640 B.C.E., Upper Egypt
Rock Cut Tombs BH 3 - 5 - Beni Hasen, Egypt, Dynasty XII, ca. 1950 - 1900 B.C.E., hollowed out of cliffs, shallow porch, hall, and burial chamber behind them, not a lot of depth
Riverboat & Grainery - from tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1985 B.C.E., gessoed and painted wood, miniatures showing aspects of every-day life for Egyptians, grainery showed how bread is made
Statuette of an offering bearer - from the tomb of Mektre, Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1985 B.C.E., gessoed and painted wood, meant to view from any side, holding a basket of food, is godless like clothing, forward stride, blue hair which is typically reserved for gods, natural pigments used
Hippopotamus - from Thebes, Egypt, 1991 - 1783 B.C.E., faience and ceramic, painted with lotus blossoms on it, which represents the hippo in the water, hippos represent chaos, and Seth which is the god of the underworld, hippo also represents Tawret which is the god of fertility, Core-Glass method, means that clay is molded and then wrapped in linen and then skewered and dropped into molten glass and the clay and the skewer would be removed
New Kingdom - 1550 - 1353 B.C.E., Upper Egypt
Senmut - Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, ca. 1473 - 1458 B.C.E., Hatshepsut was a female Pharoah and was the first great female rule to be recognized, 3 terraces, ramps are used to go up, the temple at the very top, columns are rectangular, rhythmically placed, once had gardens, inside were reliefs of coronation and divine birth, claimed to be the daughter of Ra, the temple was dedicated to Ra, 200 statues of Hatshepsut in the Temple, not very well cared for in Egypt
Temple of Amen-Re - Karnak, Egypt, ca. 15th century B.C.E., is a pylon temple which refers to massive gateways and walls with sloping edges, walls are thinner at top and thicker at the bottom, temple added onto by several kings, the temple can only be entered by Pharaoh’s and Priests, the whole temple is decorated with reliefs
Model of Hypostyle Hall Temple of Amen-Re - Karnak, Egypt, Dynasty XIX, ca. 1290 - 1224 B.C.E., elevated space, allow for airflow and light, meant to look like papyrus,66 ft tall, the clerestory is an elevated roof, columns were painted and were sunken reliefs, reliefs hides the function of the column
Semnut with Princess Nefrua - from Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1470 - 1460 B.C.E., granite, block statue
Fowling Scene - from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1400 - 1350 B.C.e., fresco secco, Nebamun is looking for birds, papyrus is in the scene, wife and daughter present, no interaction of figure, figures are formally composed, holding a rod to smack bird, participating in recreation, daughter is touching his leg and looking at mother, birds landing on Nebamun’s boat, fresco secco is a mixture of limestone and plaster, the interaction of people and the environment, hierarchical scale, has formal composition, frontal eye, frontal chest, side view of hip and face
Dancers and Musicians - from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1400 - 1350 B.C.E., fresco secco, wearing big cones on heads, cones are like a fragrant perfume, sacred to Hathor, Hathor helped with passage to the underworld, funerary feast, figures are overlapping, an attempt at frontal pose and ¾ pose, informal
Temple of Ramses II - from Abu Simbel, Egypt, ca. 1290 - 1224 B.C.E., same Ramses that is mentioned in the bible, extremely prolific, had over 70 children, Ramses II is the last great warrior king, depicted in 4 large statues, the background is carved with women and children with him near legs, lack of high naturalistic detail, idealized, very frontal view, inside are tall statues of Ramses as Osiris, God of order, Lord of Underworld, Isis brings him back to life, carved into a cliff, male columns in the inside, ceiling decorations with pigment still attached to this date, the circular area is a cartouche
Amarna - 1353 - 1335 B.C.E., Upper Egypt, After Ramses II, Akhenaten comes after Ramses II, created Monotheistic religion, one god is Amon, made all Egyptians follow the religion, destroyed all other gods, not popular with priests, moved the capital to a new city
Akhenaton - from the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egpyt, ca. 1353-1335 B.C.E., sandstone, new style, curvy body, refusal to follow previous styles, afferent, a bit asexual, androgenous
Thutmose - Nefertiti, from Tell el-Amarna, Egypt, ca. 1353 - 1335 B.C.E., painted limestone, wife, Thutmose is artist, the name means beautiful one has come, idealized but very beautiful, unfinished, wearing headdress and necklace, long neck which means grace, idealized
Post-Amarna New Kingdom - 1335 - 1050 B.C.E., Upper Egypt, established by Askhenaton’s son
The innermost coffin of Tutankhamen - from Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1323 B.C.E., gold with semiprecious stones, idealized, covered in thin gold leaf, hieroglyphics carved into gold
Death Mask fo Tutankhamen - from Thebes Egypt, ca. 1323 B.C.E., gold with semiprecious stones, idealized, a false beard, cobra, headdress, ears pierced, eye make-up, decorative,
Painted chest of Tutankhamen - from Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1333 - 1323 B.C.E., painted wood, funerary decoration, hunting figures, King Tut is on chariot shooting with bow and arrow, attempted 3 registers, the right hand of the image is free representing chaos and depth, part of throwing away old styles of art
Last judgment of Hu-Nefer - from Thebes, Egypt, ca. 1290 - 1280 B.C.E., painted papyrus scroll, King-Tut is shown as Osiris, continuous narrative, Thoth is recording whats going on, rigid and formal
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